shark attack - 845 Words

Answer the following questions: 1. Identify at least five organ systems in this region of the arm that the surgeon would have marked for reattachment. 2. List the names of the specific structures that had to be reattached. Cardiovascular, Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous, and Integumentary 3. What organ system was most likely not reattached? Explain. Nervous system, it will never be the same again. 4. Why was a clean bite so important? The muscle tissue is not torn to pieces. 5. Why was the bone shortened? They had to add a plate so it had to be trimmed down for the pieces 6. Identify the movements associated with the arm, forearm, wrist, and fingers. Rotation, flexing, extension, hyperextension, proation, and supination. 7.†¦show more content†¦So far, I have told you the good news, the bad news is that his arm will probably never gain the same movement it once had. The nerves in his arm can never be attached the same as they were before once they have been severed the way your sons have been. This unfortunately means he might have a little bit of trouble from this arm throughout his lifetime. The movement in his arm, forearm, and hand will be very limited an awkward for him. Jim will probably have trouble playingShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Sharks to Attack?800 Words   |  3 PagesAmong those species, at the top of the food chain are sharks. Sharks are said to be one of the most dangerous oceanic species in the world. Knowing this information, why do people continue to swim in shark infested waters? I am interested to find out what causes sharks to attack, and if there is anything in common with most or all shark attack victims. Are sharks more likely to attack males rather than females? Are more attacks made by sharks on surfers, rather than swimmers? The answers to all ofRead MoreWhat to Do in a Shark Attacks, An Outline Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesTopic Shark Attacks General Purpose To inform Specific Purpose To inform the audience of how common shark attacks are, what to do if one were to encounter a shark attack, and to give interesting facts about sharks and shark attacks. Central Idea When in a shark attack, one should remain calm and follow simple instructions. Also to show where the most common places for shark attacks are and more interesting facts about sharks. Introduction Would you believe me if I told you that you had a betterRead MoreShark Attacks773 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat white shark veraciously attacks him. This is what comes to mind when most people think of sharks, but they are not really just man-eating monsters of the sea. Sharks are a fascinating group of fishes that strike fear into the minds of humans, but they are nothing to be afraid of. There are over 475 different species of sharks, but only a few of these are considered to be dangerous to people. These include Great White Sharks, Tiger Sharks, and Bull Sharks. Most species of sharks do not evenRead MoreShark Attack Case Study752 Words   |  4 PagesShark Attack Case Study 1. Five Organ Systems: Cardiovascular System, Integumentary System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Skeletal System 2. Damaged Bone: Humerus Damaged Muscles: Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Deltoid muscle 3. Importance of a clean bite: Most of the tissue and bone that was injured during the attack would still be intact and have a greater replantation rate then bone and tissues that are jagged or shredded. The infection risk wouldRead MoreDescriptive Essay - A Shark Attack1095 Words   |  5 PagesI sailed crashing tides under soaring skies, the roar of powerful waves as mighty as a lion. With my trustworthy toy parrot named Yarr by my side, no task proved impossible. A shark attack would leave my ship battered, but I always managed to patch up the holes in the frame. The vivid horizon accompanied by thermal sea air stood as quite the contrast from the melancholy chill permeating within my home. This imaginative world became my emotional safe house from the warfare taking place between myRead MoreShark Attack Marzano Activity Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesShark Attack (Summarizing and Note-taking) Read the story on this website: http://www.sciencecases.org/shark/shark.asp Answer the following questions: 1. Identify at least five organ systems in this region of the arm that the surgeon would have marked for reattachment. Cardiovascular, Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous, and Integumentary 2. List the names of the specific structures that had to be reattached. The axillary arteries had to be reattached. Bicep and tricep muscleRead More The Greenland Shark Essay examples1300 Words   |  6 PagesGreenland Shark Sharks live in almost every part of the oceans, from coastal environments to deep-sea habitats. They also live in the warm waters of the tropics to the cold frigid waters of the polar region. The Greenland shark, also known as â€Å"somniousus Microcephalus,† lives in the dark, cold waters of the North Atlantic (I 65). The Greenland shark belongs to the order Squaliforms, more usually known as dogfish sharks. There are 70 species in this order, which includes the spied sharks, spinyRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1483 Words   |  6 Pagespredators and natural selection. An example of these adapting animals are the great white shark and the fern. Two organisms that adapted over time are the great white shark and the fern. The great white shark is a large fish, with a torpedo-shaped body, 5 gills slits, an anal fin, no fin spines, pointed snout, crescent- shaped tails, and 3 main fins which are the dorsal fin which is on the back of the shark and the two pectoral fins which are on the shark’s side. These massive fish average fromRead MoreWe Must Save the Great White Shark from Extinction4317 Words   |  18 PagesWe Must Save the Great White Shark from Extinction The Great White Shark, immortalized by the Hollywood film Jaws, is at the midst of an international controversy. The shark, despite its notoriety, is in danger of extinction. A conflict over the fate of these sharks has existed for decades, but with recent attacks the debate has come to the forefront. The environmental conflict over the Great White Shark has yet to reach a conclusion, as many factors exist that hinder resolution possibilitiesRead MoreThe Predator Of The Sea1480 Words   |  6 Pagesyears (Sharks World, 2017). This isn’t an ordinary beta fish that lives in the families fish tank, this is the apex predator of the sea; this is the shark (WildAid, 2017). As humans we hear â€Å"shark† and we tend to think of movies like JAWS or feel emotions like fear yet these do not represent them accurately. These fish do the job of regulating the sea an important factor that’s being affected by humans on a daily basis. Unfortunately, we humans as a species are wastefully killing these sharks this

English Gcse Media Essay - 789 Words

English GCSE Media Coursework 1. How does advertising reinforce gender stereotypes? Today in the late 1990#8217;s we can not escape advertising it bombards us from all types of media and every aspect of our lives. It is a multibillion-pound industry that stereotypes genders and tells us what we could become if we use certain products. Men being portrayed as cool, tough, athletic and stylish reinforce the gender stereotypes. One advert I have studied which reinforces the male stereotype is an advertisement for #8216;Old Spice, White Water#8217;. The advertisement shows a businessman in a kyak kyacking down a white water rapid. This is stereotyping the male businessman by showing him as an adventurous and carefree person who†¦show more content†¦In an advert for a female perfume by #8220;Givenchy#8221; a woman is shown who holds the materialistic characteristics. This is not how it really is in society. Not every woman has prominent curves, is slim and tall. This shows how adv ertisements do not fairly reflect society. The same is true for an advert from a weekday newspaper advertising #8220;DFS#8221;. A male with similar qualities to above is sitting on a sofa reading a paper. Again this shows a materialistic world which is not a true reflection of society. Both of these adverts only have one person in and this means that representing the whole of society could be difficult. I believe that advertisements do there best at reflecting society, but that is still nowhere near what society really is like. There never will be an advertisement that reflects the whole of society and they have a long way to go before they even getShow MoreRelatedGender Roles and Prejudice Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles and Prejudice Gender roles in our society are based on prejudice is an essay about the ways in which we stereotype each gender. These stereotypes lead the children, through socialisation, to conform to the way in which both male and females are supposed to act in society. For example, the male stereotype in supposed to have physical strength, be aggressive and competitive characteristics, whereas female characteristics are supposed to be sensitive, caringRead MoreAchieving Motivation At The Workplace1177 Words   |  5 Pagesa company (Ridgeway, 1982). Thus, discovering the best way to achieve motivation at work is a very necessary topic to be discussed. However, the definition of â€Å"the best† may vary from person to person. â€Å"The best way to achieve motivation† in this essay is defined as achieving work efficiency as high as possible while maintaining the high morale of employees. Argument Outline:  · There is only relatively the best way of motivating people and that is to combine some of the tested, effective theoriesRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Single-Sex Education1374 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, but after that, in the 19th century, more and more co-ed schools were established. Despite that, there are many countries, in particular in Asia, where the SSS is the only type of school which exists as a result of religion or culture. This essay argues that notwithstanding the fact that the co-ed system may have the advantage of the social aspect, it is not very helpful for students in many aspects such as academic achievement, learning styles, students’ preferences, and the level of bullyingRead MoreFrench Terms for Ib Sl French B8316 Words   |  34 PagesVocabulary List General and Topic Areas 1 to 5 GCSE French OCR GCSE in French: J730 OCR GCSE (Short Course) in French Spoken Language: J030 OCR GCSE (Short Course) in French Written Language: J130 This Vocabulary List is designed to accompany the OCR GCSE French Specification for teaching from September 2009  © OCR 2010 Contents Contents French GCSE Vocabulary List French Vocabulary List General 2 3 5 12 12 21 28 28 31 36 36 37 40 40 42 48 48 51 Topic Area 1 Home and local area Life in the home;Read MoreTheories and Principles of Assessment2217 Words   |  9 Pageshigher education levels, is of a more subjective nature, rather than the ‘tide-turning’ objectivity of modern assessment methods or regimes. Whilst each of the approaches has its merits, and de-merits, there is a need for continuous assessment. This essay will describe the principles of assessment, and some of the theories and methods of assessment, in a mainly contextual environment, related to my own area of work, before concluding with the role of assessment in teaching and learning and it contributionRead MoreThe Impact of social class on education1908 Words   |  8 Pagesmaterial circumstances; sub-cultural attitudes and values and the school labelling processes just to mention a few. Sociologists tend to be critical of the IQ theory for various reasons including the factors affecting how it is measured, so in this essay, I shall therefore concentrate upon the other more sociological approaches and exclude the IQ theory. The following list of key words were essential in my argument; different methods of attainment, gender, ethnicity, cultural deficits, social statusRead MoreRationale For Art And Design3002 Words   |  13 Pagessolve the problems, instead it may compound them. Society needs and values more than acad emic abilities. This is evident in the recent uproar against the now discredited EBacc, which was to replace the GCSE exam with an English Baccalaureate to focus studies towards three core subject areas – English, Maths and Science - not including Art and Design. Young people have much more to offer. The arts exemplify these capacities - of institution, creativity, sensibility, and practical skills. However,Read MoreSex Discrimination2767 Words   |  12 Pagesmembership, education, provision of goods, services, advertisements and pay. In this essay the discussion will cover subjects such as why woman hold a large percentage of the work force in companies but hardly any seem to have any power. Obstacles in the way of woman in careers, ifwomen prefer different jobs to men, equal pay for both sexes and whats changed since the law was made an Act of Parliament. This essay will only concentrate on the problem of sex discrimination in the U.K. Sex discriminationRead MoreDTTLS Assignments5208 Words   |  21 PagesDTTLS Essay 4. Subject Knowledge and Understanding ↠ Demonstrate an understanding of the skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT which underpin your subject specialism. What skills (and levels) in these areas do your learners need?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skills: Literacy – to read English for handouts. Spoken – to understand English and follow verbal instructions, to understand feedback and give tutor information re: progress. Written – to complete enrolment forms, health forms, learning aimsRead MorePlay Macbeth11985 Words   |  48 PagesMacbeth sinks into a slough of evil, his mind becomes disordered, yet in the final step, his warriors instinct returns to him. MacBeth - Attitude Changes In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeths attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo

The Feminist Movement in America of 60’s free essay sample

The feminist movement in America of 60’s Maintenance: Introdaction The reasons of occurrence of the second wave of feminism in the beginning of 60’s Prominent features and differences of feminism of a new wave » Movement for the rights of women and female liberation movement Legal victories Timeline of key events View on Popular Culture The conclusion Literature Introduction. Feminism (fr. Feminisme, from an armour. Femina woman) in wide sense aspiration to equality of women with men in all spheres of a life of a society, in narrow sense – a womens movement which purpose is elimination of discrimination of women and equality of their rights with men. It is possible to name a synonym the term â€Å"emancipation of women†. Emancipation (lat. -emancipatio) Romans were designated by clearing from under the fatherly power. From here there was a general value-clearing from dependence and restriction. Feminist movement has long history which can be divided into two basic periods. The first is a so-called feminism of the first wave or old feminism (end Ð ¥VIII – first third Ð ¥Ã ¥ centuries). At the heart of its ideology liberal doctrine about equality of the rights of citizens lay, the basic direction was sufragism– struggle for political equality of women. It has stopped the existence after its basic mission, and in the majority of the developed countries of the woman has been executed have received a vote on parliamentary elections. The second wave of feminism, neofeminism, has risen on a wave of the left movements of the end of 1960th. Owing to it in neofeminism except the liberal direction continuing traditions of old feminism, the strong radical current is allocated. This feminism proclaims unity of interests of all women and necessity of their incorporated struggle against mans domination not only in sphere public, but also sphere of a private life. Some researchers allocate also the third wave of feminism (from the beginning 1990th) which is characterized by attention strengthening to theoretical questions, carrying over of the analysis of problems from a social and economic plane on philosophical level. Now the feminism remains the considerable social movement which has reached of the greatest successes in the field of culture. In the centre of attention of feminism in its forms there is a remaining gender inequality of women. 1. The reasons of occurrence of the second wave of feminism in the beginning of 60’s The success of sufragism has for a while suspended the general development female political movement, which was four decades subsequent almost in a hibernation condition. But, despite all achievements of feminism, still in all spheres of a life, men predominated. It has appeared that equality on a paper insufficiently, it was necessary to change the relation to the woman and in consciousness of people. Awakening or â€Å"female revival† has begun in 60’s years. Its epicenter of a steel of the USA, where exactly these years observed activisation of the democratic processes directed on liquidation of various forms of discrimination, and first of all racism. The womens movement has found new, frequently radical forms, that has found reflexion in its name – â€Å"female liberation movement† (Women’s liberation). The phrase Women’s Liberation was first used in the United States in 1964 and first appeared in print in 1966. By 1968, although the term Women’s Liberation Front appeared in the magazine Ramparts, it was starting to refer to the whole women’s movement. The new wave of struggle for emancipation has been caused by structural changes in society and, first of all, substantial growth of a share of female work in a social production. So, to 1960, in the USA women made more than one third of manpower of the country, thus 54 % of workers of women were married, and 33 % had children that testifies to the business factors inducing women to join in a public industrial practice. With acquisition of experience of women’s political activity it was steel and more self-assured, in the forces. The impression is made that modern movement for clearing of women went a similar way. At its initial stage struggle for success the same specific goals – such as the right to abortion, the divorce right, legal prosecution of tyrants and the men beating the wives was developed. Option was a keyword: women aspired to dispose of their own life and, first of all – own body. The labour market became one more important field of activity of a womens movement at the present stage. Here struggle of women is conducted for the right to work reception, equality an advancement of possibilities on the career steps, equal paymen t for equal work. Thus, the feminism causes essential and irreversible changes in a life of the woman in all that concerns its social status, its sexual functioning, its place in a society. These processes make considerable impact on consciousness growth, both women, and men. 2. Prominent features and differences of feminism of a new wave » Feminist movement of 60’s and the beginnings of 70’s has received a little extravagant colouring, being shown in causing, even shocking traditionally adjusted the public by unusual slogans, forms of expression of the protest. Aspiring to awakening female consciousness, to clearing of public opinion of inertia patriarch the focused moral installations, feminists used, for example, receptions of the vulgar theatre†. In leaflets arisen in 1968Ð ³. To the American organisation under the scandalous name Witch it was told: â€Å"Everything that is repressive, has exclusively mans orientation, enviously, is noted by Puritanism and authoritativeness, should become a target of your criticism. Your weapon – your boundless fine imagination. Your force proceeds from you as from women, and it repeatedly amplifies from teamwork with your sisters. Your debt – to release your brothers (they want it or not) and from stereotypes of sexual roles†. The feminism, as well as any other political movement, could not avoid radicalism, leftism as some kind of illnesses of growth. Time, that sends a maturity of estimations, moderation and suspension of actions, at last, theoretical validity Was required. It was promoted substantially by creation of a network of so-called female researches (women’s studies), called simultaneously to conduct educational work and to bring the scientific base under movement for clearing of women. Female researches became an integral part of curriculums of many universities, there were many specialised research centres. 3. Movement for the rights of women and female liberation movement The second branch of movement –  «radical, left, often socialist feminism which denied idea of equality with men. In its frameworks was considered that political reforms never will release women, the main accent should be made on women, instead of on the state. The movement purpose – to change a way of thought and action, to overestimate a female essence, instead of to adapt the woman for ans values » Participants of this movement considered that women as group have the specific interests, which they should struggle together, irrespective of social or a racial accessory. Personal changes became the basic arena of struggle. This branch of movement operated more at local level. According to its participants, change of a society of the woman should begin with itself. This branch w ith-stood from set of groups (so-called  «groups of awakening of consciousness »), in which were not the leader and accurate structure. A little later, within the limits of it direction, the crisis centers for victims of rape, shelters for the wives suffering violence in a family, medical clinics, the female centers, the public co-operative societies, the centers for rendering of legal services, services on employment, female cafes and restaurants, female theatrical groups, art galleries,  «emancipating schools », bookshops, shops on sale of craft products and a network of female researches » have been created. The new womens movement has affected programs of almost all parties in the western countries. Left parties have appeared the most susceptible to feministic ideas. Many members of feminist movement became members of the left and green parties. Besides, in the majority of the countries the institutes which are taking up the problems of women (committees of the equal status, the ministry of affairs of women, etc. ) have been created. Though the majority of feminists and today specify in remaining problems and the discrimination facts, position of women in the West is real has changed very strongly. Women actively participate in various social movements and institutes; the female political representation has sharply increased in 1980th, especially in the Scandinavian countries where women have received to one third of places in parliament. 4. Legal victories Amongst the most significant legal victories of the movement after the formation of NOW were a 1967 Executive Order extending full Affirmative Action rights to women, Title IX and the Womens Educational Equity Act (1972 and 1975, educational equality), Title X (1970, health and family planning), the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, the illegalization of marital rape and the legalization of no-fault divorce in all states, a 1975 law requiring the U. S. Military Academies to admit women, and many Supreme Court cases, perhaps most notably, Reed v. Reed of 1971 and Roe v. Wade of 1973. However, the changing of the social attitudes towards women are usually considered the greatest success of the womens movement. _5. Timeline of key events_ The rise of the second-wave 1953 The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir (1949) translated from French to English Late 1950s Awareness rises that many women are disgruntled by their status in society and their inability to hold successful careers or achieve equality. 1960 The Food and Drug Administration approves combined oral contraceptive pills. They are made available in 1961. 1961 President Kennedy makes womens rights a key issue of the New Frontier, and names women (such as Esther Peterson) to many high-ranking posts in his administration. 50,000 women in 60 cities, mobilized by Women Strike for Peace, protest above ground testing of nuclear bombs and tainted milk. Helen Gurley Brown writes Sex and the Single Girl. 1963 The Commissions report finds discrimination against women in every aspect of American life and outlines plans to achieve equality. Specific recommendations for women in the workplace include fair hiring practices, paid maternity leave, and affordable childcare. Twenty years after it is first proposed, the Equal Pay Act establishes equality of pay for men and women performing equal work. However, it does not cover domestics, agricultural workers, executives, administrators or professionals. Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique is published, becomes a best-seller, and lays the groundwork for the feminist movement. Alice Rossi presents Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences conference. 964 Title XII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employment discrimination on account of sex, race, etc. by private employers, employment agencies, and unions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is established; in its first five years, 50,000 complaints of gender discrimination are received. 1965 Casey Hayden and Mary King circulate a memo about sexism in Civil Rights Movement. The Supreme Court case Griswold v. Connecticut strikes down the only remaining state law banning the use of contraceptives by married couples. The case Weeks v. Southern Belle marks a major triumph in the fight against restrictive labor laws and company regulations on the hours and conditions of women’s work, opening many previously male-only jobs to women. The Woman Question is raised for the first time at a Students for Democratic Society (SDS) conference. EEOC commissioners are appointed to enforce the Civil Rights Act. Among them there is only one woman, Aileen Hernandez, a future president of NOW. The Time Is NOW 1966 Twenty-eight women, among them Betty Friedan, found the National Organization for Women (NOW) to function as a civil rights organization for women. Betty Friedan becomes its first president. The group is the largest womens group in the U. S. and pursues its goals through extensive legislative lobbying, litigation, and public demonstrations. 1967 Executive Order 11375 expands President Johnsons 1965 affirmative action policy to cover discrimination based on sex, resulting in federal agencies and contractors taking active measures to ensure that all women as well as minorities have access to educational and employment opportunities equal to white males. Women’s liberation groups begin springing up all over the nation. NOW begins petitioning the EEOC to end sex-segregated want ads and adopts a Bill of Rights for Women. Senator Eugene McCarthy introduces the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the US Senate. New York Radical Women is formed by Shulamith Firestone and Pam Allen. Anne Koedt organizes consciousness raising groups. The National Welfare Rights Organization is formed. From Miss America protests to revolution 1968 Robin Morgan leads members of New York Radical Women to protest the Miss America Pageant of 1968, which they decried as sexist and racist. The first national womens liberation conference is held in Lake Villa, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL) is founded by Betty Friedan and others. Coretta Scott King assumes leadership of the African-American Civil Rights Movement following the death of her husband, and expands the movements platform to include womens rights. Shirley Chisholm is elected to the United States Congress that same year, the first black congresswoman. The EEOC rules sex-segregated help wanted ads in newspapers illegal, a ruling which is upheld in 1973 by the Supreme Court. Women now are able to apply for higher-paying jobs previously opened only to men. New York feminists bury a dummy of Traditional Womanhood at the all-womens Jeanette Rankin Brigade demonstration against the Vietnam War in Washington, D. C. For the first time, feminists use the slogan Sisterhood is Powerful. The first public speakout against abortion laws is held in New York City. Notes from the First Year, a womens liberation theoretical journal, is published by the New York Radical Women. NOW celebrates Mothers Day with the slogan Rights, Not Roses. Mary Daly, professor of theology at Boston College, publishes a scathing criticism of the Catholic Churchs view and treatment of women entitled The Church and the Second Sex. 1969 The radical organization, Redstockings, organizes. Members of Redstockings disrupt a hearing on abortion laws of the New York Legislature when the panel of witnesses turns out to be 14 men and a nun. The groups demands repeal, not reform, of abortion laws. Redstockings popularizes slogans such as Sisterhood is Powerful, and The Personal is Political which become buzzwords of the feminist movement. California adopts a no fault divorce law which allows couples to divorce by mutual consent. It is the first state to do so; by 1985 every state has adopted a similar law. Legislation is also passed regarding equal division of common property. _6. _View on Popular Culture This wave of feminism helped to educate women and allowed them to see their personal lives as politicized and reflective of the sexist structure of power seen throughout society. â€Å"One project of second wave feminism was to create ‘positive’ images of women, to act as a counterweight to the dominant images circulating in popular culture and to raise women’s consciousness of their oppressions. Feminists during the movement viewed popular culture as just another example of gender equalities that tried to prove the idea that woman are classified into false images of how they should act and the roles they should play. They believed that the mass media was influencing women to act in certain ways. Artist Helen Reddy’s song â€Å"I Am Woman† played a large role in popular culture and became the feminist anthem; Reddy came to be known as a feminist poster girl or a feminist icon. Throughout second wave feminism other organizations started to form, such as the NOW and different black organizations emerged. {draw:frame} The conclusion Influence of political, economic, social changes on position of women was very inconsistent. Traditionally the woman erected to a pedestal, saw its role mainly in creation and preservation of the family centre, in education of children. But it did not prevent to use female work on a laborious work and to shut eyes to an inequality in wages of men and women. When the requirement for a labour has increased, women have recruited ranks of hired workers. And it besides that long time the married woman could not own the property, sign contracts on its own behalf and even to dispose of own wages. Centuries before in the developed countries of Europe and America the equal rights of citizens irrespective of a floor (in the USA – in 1920Ð ³ have been proclaimed were required. ). The society began to depart gradually from a rigid binding of those or other economic and behavioural norms on the basis of a floor, from traditional concepts about constructed on the gender factor of division of house, parental duties and labour activity out of door. Feministic ideas, in my opinion, and keep today the urgency. Let women have already achieved much, but original equality in a society is not carried out yet. Still in the politician and economy men predominate, with doubt concern progressive, business women. On a paper laws proclaim equality, and in practice old, patriarchal foundations in a family prevail, the man still considers itself as the owner in the house and in a society.

May Day Celebration in New France free essay sample

In addition, minor festivals, chiefly religious in character, were numerous, so much so that their frequency even in the months of cultivation was the subject of complaint by the civil authorities, who felt that these holidays took altogether too much time from labor. Sunday was a day not only of worship but of recreation. Clad in his best raiment, every one went to Mass, whatever the distance or the weather. The parish church indeed was the emblem of village solidarity, for it gathered within its walls each Sunday morning all sexes and ages and ranks. The habitant did not separate his religion from his work or his amusements; the outward manifestations of his faith were not to his mind things of another world; the church and its priests were the center and soul of his little community. The whole countryside gathered about the church doors after the service while the capitaine de la cote, the local representative of the intendant, read the decrees that had been sent to him from the seals of the mighty at the Chateau de St. We will write a custom essay sample on May Day Celebration in New France or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Louis. That duty over, there was a garrulous interchange of local gossip with a retailing of such news as had dribbled through from France. The crowd then melted away in groups to spend the rest of the day in games or dancing or in friendly visits of one family with another. Source

Privacy on the Internet for IT Majors

Privacy on the Internet for IT Majors Free Online Research Papers Recently the Internet has seen tremendous growth, with the ranks of new users swelling at ever-increasing rates. This expansion has catapulted it from the realm of academic research towards newfound mainstream acceptance and increased social relevance for the everyday individual. Yet this suddenly increased reliance on the Internet has the potential to erode personal privacies we once took for granted. New users of the Internet generally do not realize that every post they make to a newsgroup, every piece of email they send, every World Wide Web page they access, and every item they purchase online will be monitored or logged by some unseen third party. The impact on personal privacy is enormous; already we are seeing databases of many different kinds, selling or giving away collections of personal data, and this While the Internet brings the danger of diminished privacy, it also ushers in the potential for expanding privacy protection to areas where privacy was previously unheard of. This is our vision: restoration and revitalization of personal privacy for online activities, and betterment of society via privacy protection for fields where that was previously impossible. We want to bring privacy to the Internet, and bring the Internet to everyday privacy practices. The purpose of this paper is not to present new results, but rather to encourage further research in the area of Internet privacy protection, and to give an overview (necessarily brief in a short paper such as this) of privacy-enhancing technologies. Section 2 explores some motivation for studying privacy issues on the Internet, and Section 3 provides some relevant background. We then discuss Internet privacy technology chronologically, in three parts: Section 4 describes the technology of yesterday, Section 5 explains todays technology, and Section 6 explores the technology of tomorrow. Finally, we conclude in Section 7. Motivation The threats to ones privacy on the Internet are two-fold: your online actions could be (1) monitored by unauthorized parties and (2) logged and preserved for future access many years later. You might not realize that your personal information has been monitored, logged, and subsequently disclosed; those who would compromise your privacy have no incentive to warn you. The threat of long-term storage and eventual disclosure of personal information is especially acute on the Internet. It is technically quite easy to collect information (such as a compendium of all posts you have made to electronic newsgroups) and store it for years or decades, indexed by your name for easy retrieval. If you are looking for a job twenty years from now, do you want your employer to browse through every Usenet posting youve ever made? If you are like most people, you have probably said something (however minor) in your past you would prefer to forgetperhaps an incautious word from your indiscreet youth, for instance. Long-term databases threaten your ability to choose what you would like to disclose about your past. Furthermore, in recent years great advances have been made in technology to mine the Internet for interesting information. This makes it easy to find and extract personal information about you that you might not realize is available. (For instance, one of your family members might have listed information about you on their web page without your knowledge; Internet search engine technology would find this easily.) Did you know your phone number, email address, and street address are probably listed on the Web? Or that your social security number is available on any of several for-pay electronically-searchable databases? Most people probably do not want to make it easy for salesmen, telemarketers, an abusive ex, or a would-be stalker to find them. In these ways, the Internet contributes to the dossier effect, whereby a single query can compile a huge dossier containing extensive information about you from many diverse sources. This increasingly becomes a threat as databases containing personal information become electronically cross-linked more widely. A recent trend is to make more databases accessible from the Internet; with todays powerful search engine and information-mining technology, this is one of the ultimate forms of cross-linking. (For instance, phone directories, address information, credit reports, newspaper articles, and public-access government archives are all becoming available on the Internet.) The dossier effect is dangerous: when it is so easy to build a comprehensive profile of individuals, many will be tempted to take advantage of it, whether for financial gain, vicarious entertainment, illegitimate purposes, or other unauthorized use. Government is one of the biggest consumers and producers of dossiers of personal information, and as such should be viewed as a potential threat to privacy. The problem is that todays governments have many laws, surveillance agencies, and other tools for extracting private information from the populace [6]. Furthermore, a great many government employees have access to this valuable information, so there are bound to be some workers who will abuse it. There are many examples of small-scale abuses by officials: a 1992 investigation revealed that IRS employees at just one regional office made hundreds of unauthorized queries into taxpayer databases [2]; employees of the Social Security Administration have been known to sell confidential government records for bribes as small as $10 [22]; highly confidential state records of AIDS patients have leaked [3]. Finally, there is very little control or oversight, so an corrupt leader could easily misuse this information to seize and maintain po wer. A number of cautionary examples are available: FBI Director Edgar Hoover had his agency spy on political dissidents, activists, and opponents; the NSA, a secret military surveillance agency, has a long history of spying on domestic targets [5]; President Clintons Democratic administration found themselves with unauthorized secret dossiers on hundreds of Republican opponents in the Filegate scandal. Anonymity is one important form of privacy protection that is often useful. We observe that anonymity is often used not for its own sake, but primarily as a means to an end, or as a tool to achieve personal privacy goals. For example, if your unlisted telephone number is available on the web, but cant be linked to your identity because you have used anonymity tools, then this might be enough to fulfill your need for privacy just as effectively as if you had kept the phone number completely secret. Many applications of online anonymity follow the common theme of physical security through anonymity. For instance, political dissidents living in totalitarian regimes might publish an exposà © anonymously on the Internet to avoid harassment (or worse!) by the secret police. In contexts other than the Internet, anonymous social interaction is both commonplace and culturally accepted. For example, the Federalist papers were penned under the pseudonym Publius; many other well-known literary works, such as Tom Sawyer, Primary Colors, etc. were also written anonymously or under a pseudonym. Today, home HIV tests rely on anonymous lab testing; police tip lines provide anonymity to attract informants; journalists take great care to protect the anonymity of their confidential sources; and there is special legal protection and recognition for lawyers to represent anonymous clients. The US Postal Service accepts anonymous mail without prejudice; it is well-known that anonymous voice calls can be easily made by stepping into a payphone; and ordinary cash allows everyday people to purchase merchandise (say, a copy of Playboy) anonymously. In short, most non-Internet technology today grants the ordinary person access to anonymity. Outside of the Internet, anonymity is widely accepted and recognized as valuable in todays society. Long ago we as a society reached a policy decision, which we have continually reaffirmed, that there are good reasons to protect and value anonymity off the Internet; that same reasoning applies to the Internet, and therefore we should endeavor to protect online anonymity as well. There are many legitimate uses for anonymity on the Internet. In the long term, as people take activities theyd normally do offline to the Internet, they will expect a similar level of anonymity. In fact, in many cases, they wont even be able to imagine the extensive use this data could be put to by those with the resources and incentive to mine the information in a less-than-casual way. We should protect the ordinary user rather than requiring them to anticipate the various ways their privacy could be compromised. Moreover, the nature of the Internet may even make it possible to exceed those expectations and bring anonymity to practices where it was previously nonexistent. In the short term, there are a number of situations where we can already see (or confidently predict) legitimate use of Internet anonymity: support groups (e.g. for rape survivors or recovering alcoholics), online tip lines, whistleblowing, political dissent, refereeing for academic conferences, and merely the pur suit of everyday privacy of a less noble and grand nature. As the New Yorker magazine explained in a famous cartoon, On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog[23]and this is perhaps one of the greatest strengths of the Internet. On the other hand, illicit use of anonymity is all too common on the Internet. Like most technologies, Internet anonymity techniques can be used for better or worse, so it should not be surprising to find some unfavorable uses of anonymity. For instance, sometimes anonymity tools are used to distribute copyrighted software without permission (warez). Email and Usenet spammers are learning to take advantage of anonymity techniques to distribute their marketing ploys widely without retribution. Denial of service and other malicious attacks are likely to become a greater problem when the Internet infrastructure allows wider support for anonymity. The threat of being tracked down and dealt with by social techniques currently acts as a partial deterrent to would-be intruders, but this would be eroded if they could use Internet tools to hide their identity. We have already seen one major denial of service attack [10] where the attacker obscured his IP source address to prevent tracing. Wid espread availability of anonymity will mean that site administrators will have to rely more on first-line defenses and direct security measures rather than on the deterrent of tracing. Providers of anonymity services will also need to learn to prevent and manage abuse more effectively. These topics are discussed at greater length in later sections. Background A few definitions are in order. Privacy refers to the ability of the individual to protect information about himself. Anonymity is privacy of identity. We can divide anonymity into two cases: persistent anonymity (or pseudonymity), where the user maintains a persistent online persona (nym) which is not connected with the users physical identity (true name), and one-time anonymity, where an online persona lasts for just one use. The key concept here is that of linkability: with a nym, one may send a number of messages that are all linked together but cannot be linked to the senders true name; by using one-time anonymity for each message, none of the messages can be linked to each other or to the users physical identity. Forward secrecy refers to the inability of an adversary to recover security-critical information (such as the true name of the sender of a controversial message) after the fact (e.g. after the message is sent); providers of anonymity services should take care to provi de forward secrecy, which entails (for instance) keeping no logs. Some of the more obvious uses of persistent anonymity are in message-oriented services, such as email and newsgroup postings. Here, the two major problems to be solved are those of sender-anonymity, where the originator of a message wishes to keep his identity private, and of recipient-anonymity, where we wish to enable replies to a persistent persona. In contrast to message-oriented services, we have online services. In these services, which include the World-Wide Web, online chat rooms, phones, videoconferences, and most instances of electronic commerce, we wish to enable two parties to communicate in real time, while allowing one or both of them to maintain their anonymity. The added challenges for online services stem from the increased difficulty involved in sending low-latency information without revealing identity via timing coincidences; to support these online services, we want to erect a general-purpose low-level infrastructure for anonymous Internet communications. In addition, certain specific applications, such as private electronic commerce, require sophisticated application-level solutions. Past In past years email was the most important distributed application, so it should not be surprising that early efforts at bringing privacy to the Internet primarily concentrated on email protection. Today the lessons learned from email privacy provide a foundation of practical experience that is critically relevant to the design of new privacy-enhancing technologies. The most primitive way to send email anonymously involves sending the message to a trusted friend, who deletes the identifying headers and resends the message body under his identity. Another old technique for anonymous email takes advantage of the lack of authentication for email headers: one connects to a mail server and forges fake headers (with falsified identity information) attached to the message body. (Both approaches could also be used for anonymous posting to newsgroups.) Of course, these techniques dont scale well, and they offer only very minimal assurance of protection. The technology for email anonymity took a step forward with the introduction of anonymous remailers. An anonymous remailer can be thought of as a mail server which combines the previous two techniques, but using a computer to automate the header-stripping and resending process [4, 16, 17, 24]. There are basically three styles of remailers; we classify remailer technology into types which indicate the level of sophistication and security. The anon.penet.fi (type 0) remailer was perhaps the most famous. It supported anonymous email senders by stripping identifying headers from outbound remailed messages. It also supported recipient anonymity: the user was assigned a random pseudonym at anon.penet.fi, the remailer maintained a secret identity table matching up the users real email address with his anon.penet.fi nym, and incoming email to the nym at anon.penet.fi was retransmitted to the users real email address. Due to its simplicity and relatively simple user interface, the anon.penet.fi remailer was the most widely used remailer; sadly, it was shut down recently after being harassed by legal pressure [18]. The disadvantage of a anon.penet.fi style (type 0) remailer is that it provides rather weak security. Users must trust it not to reveal their identity when they send email through it. Worse still, pseudonymous users must rely on the confidentiality of the secret identity tabletheir anonymity would be compromised if it were disclosed, subpoenaed, or boughtand they must rely on the security of the anon.penet.fi site to resist intruders who would steal the identity table. Furthermore, more powerful attackers who could eavesdrop on Internet traffic traversing the anon.penet.fi site could match up incoming and outgoing messages to learn the identity of the nyms. Cypherpunk-style (type I) remailers were designed to address these types of threats. First of all, support for pseudonyms is dropped; no secret identity table is maintained, and remailer operators take great care to avoid keeping mail logs that might identify their users. This diminishes the risk of after-the-fact tracing. Second, type I remailers will accept encrypted email, decrypt it, and remail the resulting message. (This prevents the simple eavesdropping attack where the adversary matches up incoming and outgoing messages.) Third, they take advantage of chaining to achieve more robust security. Chaining is simply the technique of sending a message through several anonymous remailers, so that the second remailer sees only the address of the first remailer and not the address of the originator, etc. Typically one combines chaining with encryption: the originator encrypts repeatedly, nesting once for each remailer in the chain; the advantage is that every remailer in a chain must be compromised before a chained message can be traced back to its sender. This allows us to take advantage of a distributed collection of remailers; diversity gives one a better assurance that at least some of the remailers are trustworthy, and chaining ensures that one honest remailer (even if we dont know which it is) is all we need. Type I remailers can also randomly reorder outgoing messages to prevent correlations of ciphertexts by an eavesdropper. In short, type I remailers offer greatly improved security over type 0, though they do have some limitations which we will discuss next. Present The newest and most sophisticated remailer technology is the Mixmaster, or type II, remailer [7, 11]. They extend the techniques used in a type I remailer to provide enhanced protection against eavesdropping attacks. First, one always uses chaining and encryption at each link of the chain. Second, type II remailers use constant-length messages, to prevent passive correlation attacks where the eavesdropper matches up incoming and outgoing messages by size. Third, type II remailers include defenses against sophisticated replay attacks. Finally, these remailers offer improved message reordering code to stop passive correlation attacks based on timing coincidences. Because their security against eavesdropping relies on safety in numbers (where the target message cannot be distinguished from any of the other messages in the remailer net), the architecture also calls for continuously-generated random cover traffic to hide the real messages among the random noise. Another new technology is that of the newnym-style nymservers. These nymservers are essentially a melding of the recipient anonymity features of a anon.penet.fi style remailer with the chaining, encryption, and other security features of a cypherpunk-style remailer: a user obtains a pseudonym (e.g. joeblow@nym.alias.net) from a nymserver; mail to that pseudonym will be delivered to him. However, unlike anon.penet.fi, where the nymserver operator maintained a list matching pseudonyms to real email addresses, newnym-style nymservers only match pseudonyms to reply blocks: the nymserver operator does not have the real email address of the user, but rather the address of some type I remailer, and an encrypted block of data which it sends to that remailer. When decrypted, that block contains the address of a second remailer, and more encrypted data, etc. Eventually, when some remailer decrypts the block it receives, it gets the real email address of the user. The effect is that all of the remailers mentioned in the reply block would have to collude or be compromised in order to determine the email address associated with a newnym-style pseudonym. Another simple technique for recipient anonymity uses message pools. Senders encrypt their message with the recipients public key and send the encrypted message to a mailing list or newsgroup (such as alt.anonymous.messages, set up specifically for this purpose) that receives a great deal of other traffic. The recipient is identified only as Research Papers on Privacy on the Internet for IT MajorsUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on Children

Postscript (P.S.) Definition and Examples in Writing

Postscript (P.S.) Definition and Examples in Writing A postscript is a brief message appended to the end of a letter (following the signature) or other text. A postscript is usually introduced by the letters P.S. In certain types of business letters (in particular, sales promotion letters), postscripts are commonly used to make a final persuasive pitch or offer an additional incentive to a potential customer. EtymologyFrom the Latin post scriptum, written afterward Examples and Observations James Thurbers Postscript in a Letter to E.B. White (June 1961)If the United States had had you and G.B. Shaw working together, would the country have had the E.B.G.B.s? If so, it would have been good for us.(Quoted by  Neil A. Grauer in  Remember Laughter: A Life of James Thurber. University of Nebraska Press, 1995)E.B. Whites Letter to Harold Ross, Editor of The New Yorker[August 28, 1944]Mr. Ross:Thanks for the Harper advert. from your valued magazine. I would have seen it anyway, but was glad to get it hot from your stapling department. . . .I would have changed publishers fifteen years ago, only I dont know how you change publishers. The first half of my life I didnt know how babies came, and now, in my declining years, I dont know how you change publishers. I guess I will always be in some sort of quandary.WhiteP.S. The de-stapling machine works better than I would have believed possible.(Letters of E.B. White, rev. ed., edited by Dorothy Lobrano White and Martha White. Har perCollins, 2006) At the bottom [of the rejection slip] was an unsigned jotted message, the only personal response I got from AHMM over eight years of periodic submissions. Dont staple manuscripts, the postscript read. Loose pages plus paperclip equal correct way to submit copy. This was pretty cold advice, I thought, but useful in its way. I have never stapled a manuscript since.(Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. Simon Schuster, 2000) The Postscript as a Rhetorical Strategy When writing a fundraising letter, remember that many potential donors will read your letters P.S. before the body of the letter, so include any compelling information there. (Stan Hutton and Frances Phillips, Nonprofit Kit for Dummies, 3rd ed. For Dummies, 2009)Studies reveal that when people receive personal, and even printed, letters, they read the salutation first and the P.S. next. Therefore, your P.S. should include your most attractive benefit, your invitation to action, or anything that inspires a feeling of urgency. There is an art to writing a P.S. I recommend that your personal lettersbut not your e-mailinclude a handwritten P.S. message, because it proves beyond doubt that you have created a one-of-a-kind letter that wasnt sent to thousands of people. In our age of technology, personal touches stand tall. (Jay Conrad Levinson, Guerrilla Marketing: Easy and Inexpensive Strategies for Making Big Profits From Your Small Business, rev. ed. Houghton Mifflin, 2007) Jonathan Swifts Postscript to A Tale of a Tub Since the writing of this, which was about a year ago, a prostitute bookseller hath published a foolish paper, under the name of Notes on the Tale of a Tub, with some account of the author: and, with an insolence which, I suppose, is punishable by law, hath presumed to assign certain names. It will be enough for the author to assure the world, that the writer of that paper is utterly wrong in all his conjectures upon that affair. The author farther asserts, that the whole work is entirely of one hand, which every reader of judgement will easily discover: the gentleman who gave the copy to the bookseller, being a friend of the author, and using no other liberties besides that of expunging certain passages, where now the chasms appear under the name of desiderata. But if any person will prove his claim to three lines in the whole book, let him step forth, and tell his name and titles; upon which, the bookseller shall have orders to prefix them to the next edition, and the claimant shal l from henceforward be acknowledged the undisputed author. (Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub, 1704/1709) Thomas Hardys Postscript to The Return of the Native To prevent disappointment to searchers for scenery it should be added that though the action of the narrative is supposed to proceed in the central and most secluded part of the heaths united into one whole, as above described, certain topographical features resembling those delineated really lie on the margin of the waste, several miles to the westward of the centre. In some other respects also there has been a bringing together of scattered characteristics. I may mention here in answer to enquiries that the Christian name of Eustacia, borne by the heroine of the story, was that of the Lady of the Manor of Ower Moigne, in the reign of Henry the Fourth, which parish includes part of the Egdon Heath of the following pages. The first edition of this novel was published in three volumes in 1878. April 1912 T.H. (Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, 1878/1912)

Star school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Star school - Essay Example The strength of STAR school lied in its ability to strive for excellence irrespective of socio-economic barriers that existed around it. Its aim was to ensure that children stood first, the class room sessions are as effective as ever and the fact that leadership and accountability are the key areas to success should be inculcated within kids. For this a new in charge of the committee Ackerman was appointed under whom another committee was working that worked to respond more effectively to the requirements to a certain standard. However, it was observed that African American students had been underperforming. They showed lack of interest and had not been able to give result at par with that of native students. As a result of this, even the teachers had been observed lacking interest in teaching these students. The results kept dipping and the African students continued showing major dip in their performance. An â€Å"Excellence for all† strategy has been worked out, the main aim of which is to ensure that students from all kinds of socio-ethnic backgrounds are looked after and there is Excellency of results observed amongst all students enrolled. For this purpose, schools in various districts were evaluated and funds were raised to help refurbish them. It was figured out which were the low performing schools, in what areas were they not performing well and what were the barriers hindering the overall performance of the schools. The Federal government’s help was also sought after while raising funds for sustainability. The central administration of the schools was checked critically and any immediate steps taken. SWOT tools help to analyze and identify key issues for developing future strategies for Star. Emphasis for future should be more on excellence in performance than on quantity in order to improve the results of the African-Latin students and to help their motivation. In the current situation of global

Advance taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advance taxation - Essay Example X can also invest in government securities by evaluating the risk of investment. If X plans to take more risk to earn higher reward, X can invest in shares. X also has the option to give the surplus fund to X’s four children. In this case X has to evaluate tax implications on the basis of inheritance tax. In the given situation, X wants to find out the tax implications of each of these alternatives and then choose the best option to invest. Tax Implications for Set up of Business as Sole Trader It is the simplest of all business structures. Setting up a business as a sole trader can be very scary because X‘s liability would be unlimited. But at the same time rewards are also unlimited as X will have claims to the extent of profit earned by business. Moreover, X does not have to register with the Companies House and this means that X won’t have to pay the corporate tax which X had to pay had he set up an incorporated company. Another advantage for a sole trading bu siness is that if X is not maintaining a payroll, paper works for the employees then red tapes will be reduced greatly. But this business structure exposes X to greater risk for which X may need to cover up with insurance policy. Thus as a sole trader, X can keep all profit after paying taxes on them according to tax slab.

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay There are many emotions in the play: Love, hatred, jealousy, and anger. Write about one and how it is presented in the play. I have chosen to look at the emotion love and the part it plays in affecting the storyline. In A View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller most of the characters actions are fuelled by love. Love drives all the other main emotions in the play. However there are question marks over both the central loving relationships, that of Eddie and Catherines and Eddie and Beatrices. Catherines love for Eddie is that of a daughter for her father as she calls him the sweetest guy. She has a doting daughters attitude. Catherine cares for Eddie and goes out of her way to please him What do you want me to do? she asks him upset when he disapproves of her skirt. She wants very much to please him. But Eddie is very hard to please, as he is far too overprotective of her. Catherines falls in love with an immigrant who stays with the family I love you Rodolfo she tells him. Catherine has never been in a serious relationship before but is deeply in love with Rodolfo who in turn loves her. This relationship is normal for people of their age and marriage is quite a natural step for two people in love. Marco is an immigrant who has come to America as his family are starving and as he explains his wife feeds them from her own mouth meaning they are starving. Marcos love has forced him to leave his wife and three children to work in America to make money to feed them. This is a very strong gesture as he plans not to see his family again for four, five, six years maybe. This relationship highlights the extreme measures people are driven to because of love. Marco loves his family to the point where he would do anything for them. This shows that in this play love is a real passion that prompts other behaviour. Eddies love for Catherine seemed at the beginning of the play just to be the love of a concerned father figure, I think its too short aint it? he says worrying about the length of Catherines skirt. Eddie is very over protective of Catherine and treats her as if she is still his little girl, which could be damaging to her development in this stage of life as Beatrice points out Look, you gotta get used to it, shes no baby no more. It is time for Eddie to let go but he cant. Eddies obsessive attitude towards Catherine seems strange to everyone except Eddie She cant marry you, can she? Alfieri says trying to explain how others might see his behaviour. To everyone else Eddie seems to be perversely in love with Catherine and wants her for himself. I believe this is not the case, I believe Eddie has become used to Catherines love for him that he cannot bear to see her adorning her affection on anyone else. The stage direction with a sense of her childhood, her babyhood and the years describes the great sense of loss Eddie feels as he has cared and loved her all her life. Beatrice remains faithful to Eddie throughout although she is frustrated, When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie? she tells him, desperate from him to forget about Catherine and go back to caring for her. Beatrices love for Eddie is one of the strongest in the play, she wants desperately for Eddie to pay her the attention she deserves as a loving wife. Eddies obsessive behaviour towards Catherine puts great strain on his marriage I want my respect he says when Beatrice tries to confront him, Eddie is angry and shouts at her for complaining about him being so strict with Catherine. Beatrice is struggling to keep her marriage intact, but she cannot understand the love Eddie feels towards Catherine. I believe Eddie loves his wife dearly but his love for Catherine takes priority when Rodolfo comes on the scene, which leads him to mistreat Beatrice. I cannot help feeling sorry for her as she is forced into a situation that was not her doing. It seems her love for Eddie is unrequited. Eddies hatred for Rodolfo is fuelled by his jealousy for the love and attention Catherine bestows upon him, Im telling ya the guy aint right he says trying to justify his hatred. Nobody believes Eddies comments about Rodolfo and everyone but Eddie can see through to his jealousy. It isnt right for a man of Eddies age to be obsessed with his young niece, but nobody understands the depth and passion of Eddies love, which drives him to keep Catherine at any cost. Eddies obsessive love compels him to see Mr Alfieri, family friend and lawyer He aint right Mr Alfieri Eddie pleads, but it is obvious he has no jurisdiction within he law. The fact Eddie has gone to see Alfieri shows the power of his love towards Catherine and his desperation to have her for himself. Love is the main driving force behind all the characters actions, the truth is not as bad as blood Eddie Beatrice tells him trying to quell his anger and hatred. Beatrice believes that love is not a worthy enough cause for the use of violence. It is Eddies deep love that drives him to use all force necessary to have what he believes to be his Catherine. This unfaltering love to the bitter end is misunderstood by Marco He degraded my brother. My blood. Marco says; he cannot see why Eddie turned him and Rodolfo into the police. But it is obvious to the reader that it was Eddies love that compelled his actions and not his hatred for Marco and his brother. Eddies love finally leads him to his death You lied about me Marco Eddie cries before lunging at him. This is Eddies last desperate attempt to win back his dignity. Eddies love has driven him to a point where he has no other option but to follow his feelings to the end. The fate of Eddie Carbone is a tragic one as his obsessive feelings towards Catherine took control of him and his actions that followed he could not help. I believe the story is a testament to the power of love and how once it has infected someone in a certain way; they are powerless to stop it. Emlyn Roberts Pluto10X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Hate Speech is the Price We Must Pay for Freedom of Speech

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Living in the United States we enjoy many wonderful freedoms and liberties. Even though most of these freedoms seem innate to our lives, most have been earned though sacrifice and hard work. Out of all of our rights, freedom of speech is perhaps our most cherished, and one of the most controversial. Hate speech is one of the prices we all endure to ensure our speech stays free. But with hate speeches becoming increasingly common, many wonder if it is too great of a price to pay, or one that we should have to pay at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,or of the press: or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the framers of the constitution penned these 45 words could they have known the extent that they would be studied and scrutinize? Are the words meant to be taken literally or is it the â€Å"spirit† to them that is most important? Many views exist and are hotly debated, but most agree that this amendment has enabled some of the best things in the history of our country to be said; and ultimately done. However it has also enabled some of the worst.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When discussing hate speech one has to address fighting words. Fighting words are words that the Supreme Court believes that even the mere utterance of them will inflict injury or incite an immediate breach of the peace. The court also believes these words are unnecessary for anyone to use, and that even if they were not used someone could still express their ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically some hate speeches have contained fighting words, but they are view by the court as a separate entity. Fighting words are often classified as having absolutely no social value, and are not protected by the first amendment. In this regard I think that hate speech and fighting words are very analogous to indecent and obscene material. While indecent material might be frowned upon it is constitutionally protected, as where obscene material (also classified as having no social value) is not. This distinction was first made in the early 1940s in the Chaplinsky case.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chaplinsky was a Jehovah’ s Witness, and one day while doing some face-to-face confrontations as part of his religious practices, an... ...nts think is appropriate. That kind of gathering offers an opportunity for people to talk about something other than the Klan. It also shows the outside world the community does not condone Klan activity.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps in the end all we can really do it to try and come to terms with hate speech on a personal level. I believe 100 percent in the first amendment, and I look at having to tolerate hate speech as a price I have to pay for enjoying such a wonderful freedom. I don’t think it would be effective or warranted to limit the peoples freedom in attempts to try and stop the despicable practice of hate speech. Works Cited: The Associated Press State & Local Wire, January 7, 2002. Fales, John The Washington Times, Pg. 11 September 2, 2002. Fein, Bruce The Washington Times, August 6, 2002. Rodrigues, Janette The Houston Chronicle, Pg. 15 January 17, 2001. Taylor, Lynda Guydon The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Pg. w3 June 24, 2001 Cases Cited Black v. Virginia, 262 Va. 764, 553 S.E.2d 738 (2001) Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942) Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party 373 N.E. 2d 21 (1978)

Scenario Thinking

Scenario thinking is a tool of finding out what will happen in the coming future (Mahaffie, J. 2008). It is a new way of planning in which the organization thinks through all the future possibilities and the decisions are made based on the possibilities that benefit the most (Fahey, L & Robert M. Randall, 1997). This strategic planning tool removes uncertainty and allows organizations to realize the risks and dangers that might occur if a certain project is carried out. Now that we have a clear idea of what Scenario thinking is, we can move on and elaborate how our consulting team applies this in our sporting and concert events at major locations. Planning is very important in each and every activity especially in event management. Therefore, before anything else, there is a planning phase. This phase is very important for obvious reasons and because of this it is given the utmost importance. In this phase each and every aspect of the event is taken into consideration. Each element of the event is planned out in detail. This helps us have an insight in the future by predicting the event before it actually takes place and hence we are in a better position to develop contingency plans for each and every event. The planning is also done on the basis of previous events managed by our consulting team. We learn from experience and since we have a lot of that, we believe that this becomes our strength. As the contingency plans for every possible occurrence are developed before hand, there is a very low chance of any kind of risk involved. By asking ‘what if’ questions, we develop causal relationships between various factors (Scearce, D. Katherine Fulton, 2004). For example in this planning phase, we ask ourselves what if the regulations set by the authorities change in a way which negatively affects our event. The next step would be answering this questions and coming up with a contingency plan. Hence a causal relationship has been developed between the cause (changes in governmental regulations) and our action. By the end of the planning phase, we have a clear idea of how to go about things and hence there is no room for any kind of uncertainties. All the findings that are established in the planning phase are documented and will be available at all times in the next phase with everyone who is involved in the event in any way. Next is the implementing phase. This again is very important and everything in this phase is developed on the basis of what was established in the previous phase. This phase is important because this is when the planning becomes reality. This is the reason why the implementation of planned event is done by people who specialize in their respective fields. The experience and the skills with these specialists remove any chance for errors and hence the risk and failure rate is very low. All our events are carried out on locations that are most popular and enjoyed by the audience. These are therefore the major locations and hence we have another reason to ensure to that all our events are at par with the level that is expected by the audience. Conclusion In conclusion, we would once again like to emphasize that the step by step scenario thinking procedure adopted by our consulting team ensures that our events stand out from the rest. The failure rate is very low therefore the bidders and the investors do not have to worry about the risks that are normally involved in any kind of event. References Fahey, L & Robert M. Randall. (1997) Learning from the Future: Competitive Foresight Scenarios. John Wiley and Sons Scearce, D. & Katherine Fulton. (2004, July) What if? Retrieved January 2, 2009, from http://www. gbn. com/ArticleDisplayServlet. srv? aid=32655 Mahaffie, J. (2008, Feb 12) Why I love introducing scenario thinking to people? Retrieved January 2, 2009, from http://foresightculture. com/2008/02/12/why-i-love-introducing-scenario-thinking-to-people

In Euripdes play medea Essay

In Euripides play Medea, the character of Medea is commonly described as being both manic and wicked. I do agree that throughout the play Medea does show herself to be manic individual and does commit a number of â€Å"wicked† acts, but I do not believe that she as much wicked as she is unstable, there are many other factors that need to be taken into account. Medea is a strong powerful woman in a time and society in which woman were considered weak and did not have a voice. Throughout the play Medea is shown as being completely other, she has supernatural powers and is from a far away land, and will do anything she feels fit for what she believes to be right, even if these acts could be considered wicked â€Å"a foreign woman coming among new laws, new customs, needs the skill of magic†. The men around her throughout the play treat her differently due to this â€Å"otherness† not so much respecting her but not talking to her as he would an Athenian woman. Before the play is set Medea has committed a number of atrocious crimes; killing her own brother in order to escape her father and coercing the daughters of Pelios into killing their own father after he wronged Jason. While it is hard, especially from a modern perspective, to in any way justify these acts, one can also see that she does not commit these crimes for no reason, she doesn’t kill randomly and at no point in the play does Medea suggest she takes pleasure in the act of ending a life. It seems that instead she behaves as she feels she must to do what is necessary even if that involves killing those who oppose or harm her. In my opinion this seems to so much as wicked as mentally unstable. Throughout the play Medea acts in a way that is manic, it is clear that all those around her are worried about her state of mind. Even Her own nurse, someone who would have known Medea intimately having raised her and travelled to Greece with her, fears what Medea might do drawing particular attention to what she may do to her children in hopes of getting revenge on Jason â€Å"I’ve watched her watching them like a wild bull†. Creon, King of Corinth and father of the woman for whom Jason has left Medea for, fears that Medea may wish to cause harm to him and his own and as a result of this fear plans to exile Medea â€Å"My blood runs cold to think what plots you may be nursing deep within your heart†. At this point in the play despite the suspense being built it is hard for one not to pity Medea’s plight, her husband has abandoned her, she has no family to turn to so without her husbands support a lonely greek woman would have had little way of supporting herself in a manner that was respectable especially if she had been exiled. Medea’s state of mind is one of great turmoil, for the opening scene of the play we do not see Medea herself instead Medea is heard lamenting her fate, another example of Medea’s insanity. Many believe that that Jason was solely responsible for Medea’s many wicked deeds. If Medea had never met Jason than she would have never left her family, never killed her brother and never had to live in a society in which she is a cultural alien. Everything she did was done for Jason, she is a passionate woman and her love for Jason was intense her nurse describing her as being â€Å"mad with love† and Jason’s disloyalty. Divorce was not uncommon in Greek society and at one point in the play the chorus, who throughout had been on Medea’s side, believe she is behaving in a way that is too melodramatic â€Å"this thing is common why let it anger you†, but in my opinion that for a woman who was already unstable, Jason’s cruel betrayal and Creon’s exile was enough to have push Medea over the edge â€Å"I shall strike dead father daughter, and my husband†. Jason leaves Medea and her children in favour of another woman, two reasons are given for this betrayal Jasons claims that he wished for a wife that would be politically advantageous â€Å"What luckier chance could I have met, than marriage with a King’s daughter,† and Medea’s nurse, who resents Jason, claims that it was because Jason wanted a younger prettier girl â€Å"Jason is a prisoner in a princess’s bed†. Whatever the reason Jason abandons Medea and her children in a cruel way, Jason claims he planned to support her and her children â€Å"It is not for the sake of any women that I have made this royal marriage, but as i have already said to ensure your future†. However he does not make any mention of this until after Medea has been exiled and he no longer plans to offer this support. All of Medea’s crimes are committed by way of a punishment for betraying her. She is even willing to kill her own children to punish Jason despite her love for them, she is convinced that it is the only way that she can truly punish Jason is by killing those he loves†This is the way to deal Jason the deepest wound†. It would seem that there is still a part of Medea that loves Jason as she does not simply kill him. Despite Medea’s motivation and justification for her crime, there is no avoiding the fact that Medea’s actions are evil, she killed her own children, who had never ever done anything to hurt her and who loved her and trusted her â€Å"what have they to do with their father’s wickedness†. She also killed Creon whose only crime was to wish to protect his daughter â€Å"I’d rather make you my enemy now, than weaken, then later pay with tears†, even Glauce despite being the woman who Jason left Medea for, was not truly at fault she didn’t chose Jason she was offered it was her duty to marry the man chosen for her. From the very start we know that Medea is planning some type of revenge which in Greek society was perfectly acceptable, but even they would see her crimes as being unforgivably wicked. The audience, as the play progresses, switch from pitying Medea ,to pitying Jason, Jason has over the years used Medea for his own gain, but nobody deserves to lose their own children â€Å"killed my sons? the words kill me† . Medea’s revenge is justified but she takes it to far, showing herself to be both manic and wicked. In conclusion, it is possible to say that Medea is manic, she kills all those that get in her way, and any that she needs to in order to complete her revenge. Despite this it seems hard to describe her as being completely evil, while she has killed many, she does not kill randomly, she only kill those that have wronged her, and she never kills for pleasure. So while she is most definitely dangerously unstable and capable of truly evil acts, I do not think she is truly evil.

The Contrast of generals and b essays

The Contrast of generals and b essays One Thousand and Eight officers were appointed to the general ranks on both sides during the American Civil War. In the Union Army, for most of the war, there were only two general ranks, brigadier and major. In 1864 the rank of lieutenant general was reactivated and given to Ulysses S. Grant. The insignia distinguished the three grades: one star for brigadier general, two for major general and three for lieutenant general. In the Confederate Army, by 1862 there were four grades of general: brigadier, major, lieutenant and full general. All wore the same insignia making it impossible to identify a generals rank by his uniform. (1. Htp://www.generalsandbrevets.com/) Uniform also differed between the two sides. Union generals wore their blue uniforms with stars on their shoulder to show rank or casual clothes thinking it raised the moral in their camp by showing they were just like their men. On the other side, Confederates wore gray uniforms with stars on their collars showing rank or special tailored suits so they could show off their aristocratic life styles. The strategies used by both sides were also considerably different. On the Union side during the beginning of the war the basic strategy was to over power the confederates with swelling numbers and better guns. This strategy was not found very effective during the first few battles of the war and was abandoned. Strategies from then on were usually based on trying to lower the moral of the south by taking over major cities and highways. They also were focused on destroying the small amount of factories that the south had which would cripple gun manufacturing. The Union also set a blockade up in southern ports and set an embargo on them. This blockade for the most part was effective at stopping merchant ships from getting through but could not stop large fleets of Confederate ships. The Union was also...

How the colors of the office can affect productivity in your employees

How the colors of the office can affect productivity in your employees Who would’ve thought that the colors in your office space can affect the productivity of your employees? Colors can set the mood for your employees through out the day. Some colors are calming while other colors can help to inspire and drive creativity. But you don’t have to limit yourself to pick just one color, you can make as many combinations  you feel is best. Look around, does your office space have these colors? Maybe it might be time to get some objects with these colors to jazz up your working space.  Source [Taskworld]

Controversy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Controversy analysis - Essay Example e accept that although the invention of e-books was a crucial idea, their invention does not guarantee that they will substitute printed books.(Catone) In addition, a number of researchers have confirmed that most e-books are a copy of certain printed books. In other terms, most e-books are available due to the existence of a certain printed book (Catone). The central issue on this paper then gets to be, do print books have any chances to survive with the invention of electronic books? In the year 2010, it was accounted for that sales of electronic books (e-books) had surpassed those of print books. A late overview directed by the PCIR in December 2010 demonstrated that nearly 50% of Americans aged 14 or more had got access to some electronic content. In the following year, the above figure indicated massive increment. The increase in digital book deals and notoriety, coupled with the decrease of print books, raises different purposes of concern. Will e-books supplant print books? Have individuals surrendered print for e-books? Who is liable to receive e-books and why? The point of this paper is to address these inquiries by analyzing the readership and inclination for e-books and print books. The aim of this piece is to discourse on the controversy surrounding the fate of the print books in an attempt to answer the question: will eBooks replace real books? In retrospect, the first writing was done on walls and cave drawings by the early man and for obvious reasons these lacked malleability, portability and indeed many other conveniences of later books. The beginning of the greeks and Roman scholars used stone tablets, then in different periods of history moved to papyrus and parchment, and more recently paper (Warren 128). As a mode of writing became more sophisticated with the change from pictographs to ideographs and eventually modern alphabets and characters there was a demand for a more flexible printing media. While for the past centuries the paper has

Discuss three factors that explain why employees tend to become Essay

Discuss three factors that explain why employees tend to become unmotivated to do their jobs - Essay Example Organizations are essentially formulating and implementing strategies that seek to ensure job satisfaction among the employees. In this regard it has become essential for organizations to ensure motivation among the employees as it would lead to greater job satisfaction that would lead to generational of organizational excellence. Analysis The efficiency of an organization is directly linked to the extent to which the employees put their efforts in the workplace. The extent to which employees do so is directly linked to the levels of motivation of the employees. This has made it necessary to determine aspects that tend to de-motivate employees in an organization so as to formulate strategies that seek to ward off practices that can lead to employee de-motivation. Among the top three factors that generate employee dissatisfaction include improper working conditions, poor employee compensation and benefits and organizational policies (Brounstein, 2000). Improper working conditions in a n organization include lack of hygiene in the workplace, improper lighting, and not providing basic amenities to the employees working in an organization. Compensation is a very critical area that has the most significant impact on the motivation levels of employees.

Leadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem Essay

Leadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem - Essay Example Ho Chi Minh stood to be more powerful in a symbolic context, a standing symbol of the opposition to American efforts, a foe that was elusive and almost impossible to reach by the modern warfare machinery at the disposal of America, a foe that evolved into a mythical personification of the Communist resistance (Duiker, 1996, p. 360). In fact, Ho Chi Minh stood to be the real driving force, sans whom, it would have been impossible to think of a united Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was a truly charismatic leader who appealed to the expectations and cultural affiliations of a nation that had remained subservient for a long time (Duiker, 1994, p. 212). There is no denying the fact that Ho Chi Minh’s strategy to project oneself as a humble and motivated, old man, with a sense of vision and a knack for down to earth wisdom commanded a great emotional appeal and sway amongst the Vietnamese masses (Duiker, 1994). He was decisively always in touch with the popular aspirations and sentiments. In contrast, Diem happened to be a modern Nationalist, an authoritarian leader who intended to pursue his own agenda (Jacobs, 2005, p. 11). Yet, Diem was always perceptible of popular aspirations and well understood that his leanings towards an American agenda will project him as a puppet nationalist, subservient to the will of the Americans. So, to achieve his purpose, he devised the strategy of rousing the South Vietnamese peasantry for support, while steadily reducing the nation’s dependence on America (Jacobs, 2005). Though being a competent leader, eventually he ended up being a scapegoat of the American disappointment. Though Diem pursued an authoritarian approach towards leadership, this approach on his part was necessary in the sense that a Western style approach towards leadership would not have gone well in a society that was given to a

Analyzing The Feminine Agenda In Plays English Literature Essay

Analyzing The Feminine Agenda In Plays English Literature Essay In the three dramas, Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and Macbeth the feminine characters craft their own personal agendas into the lives of the tragic heroes. Jocasta, Linda, and Lady Macbeth are all similar in their dynamic nature, ability to enable, and their need to care for others. The exploration of these similarities can also be considered the driving force which leads to each of the tragic heroes to their ultimate fates. This woman uses female methods of acquiring power- that is, manipulation- to further her supposed male ambition. The remarkable effectiveness of Lady Macbeths manipulation is apparent in several ways. She overrides all of his objections to the plot she construes. When Macbeth hesitates in murdering Duncan, Lady Macbeth persistently taunts his lack manhood and courage until he feels it necessary to prove himself. Interestingly, Lady Macbeth and her husband are presented as being deeply in love. However, many of Lady Macbeths speeches imply that her control over Macbeth is merely sexual. Lady Macbeths strong will persists throughout the murder of the king. Afterwards, however, she begins a slow slide into madness. Just as ambition affects her more so before the crime, so does the guilt afterwards. She falls victim to guilt and madness to a greater extent than her husband. The play implies that women can be as ambitious and cruel as men, but social constraints deny them the opportunitie s to pursue the ambition on their own. By the close of the play, Lady Macbeth has been reduced to sleepwalking and attempting to remove invisible bloodstains. When the plague of guilt has finally done its worse, Lady Macbeths sensitivity becomes her weakness. Subsequently, her husbands cruelty and her own guilt recoil on her, sending her into a madness which she is unable to cope with. In the end, she drives herself mad because of her guilt over the murders and she apparently kills herself. Linda Loman is Willys link to reality. She serves as a force of reason throughout the play. Linda is by far the toughest, most realistic, and most levelheaded character in the play. She sees what her husband is going through. Despite all of his failures and weaknesses, she supports him, loves him, and occasionally enables his behavior. Linda realizes that Willy is just an ordinary man living in the times, but she does not place blame on him. If anything, she loves him more because of it. Linda assumes the role of the protector, the defender, and the respecter. She protects Willy when Biff fights with him. Linda defends Willy to her sons who believe that he is going crazy. Also, she respects him enough to pretend that she is unaware of the fact that he is trying to kill himself and that he has lost his salary. She knows that Willy is suicidal, irrational, and difficult to deal with; however, she goes along with Willys fantasies in order to protect him from the criticism of others, as well as his own self-criticism. Linda tries to protect him, but her efforts are in vain. Linda enables Willy in many ways, but she also encourages him. She gently nudges him when it comes to paying the bills and communicating with Biff and she does not lose her temper when he becomes irate. Linda knows that Willy is secretly borrowing money from Charley to pay the life insurance and other bills. Despite all of this, Linda does nothing, afraid to aggravate Willys fragile mental condition. She goes as far as throwing Biff and Happy out of the house when their behavior threatens to upset Willy. Linda views freedom as an escape from debt, the reward of total ownership of the material goods that symbolize success and stability. Willys prolonged obsession with the American dream seems, over the long years of his marriage, to have left Linda internally conflicted. She appears to have kept her emotional life intact. As such, she represents the emotional core of the drama. Linda is a character driven by desperation and fear. Even though Willy is often rude to her, she protects him at all costs. According to Linda, Willy is only a little boat looking for a harbor (___________). She loves Willy, and more importantly, she accepts all of his shortcomings. Jocastas character is only strongly represented in the closing scenes in the play. Throughout the play, Jocasta tested the beliefs of those around her by feigning disbelief in the gods herself. Though she put up this false front, she did keep her faith. At the beginning of the scene wherein a messenger relayed word of Polybus death and Oedipus right to the throne of Corinth, we see Jocasta praying. In her first words, she attempts to make peace between Oedipus and Creon, pleading with Oedipus not Tiresiass terrifying prophecies as false. Unlike Oedipus, Jocasta distrusts the oracles and believes that whatever happens will do so by unforeseeable chance. However, she is still wary enough to honor Apollo with offerings in a crisis. Jocasta carries garlands and incense to the altar and tries to appeal to Apollo to purify the city of Thebes. Jocasta solves the riddle of Oedipuss identity before Oedipus does, and she expresses her love for her son and husband in her desire to protect him f rom this knowledge. She pleads with him to stop asking questions regarding the circumstances. Jocastas character is intelligent and capable, but not driven to exploration as Oedipus. She carries her own agenda about what should be known and looked into. Jocastas character is used by the gods, in a way, to test Oedipuss faith. After accusing Creon of conspiracy and treason, Oedipus relates to Jocasta the details of his meeting with Tiresias. Jocasta proceeds to plant doubts of the gods by telling Oedipus the story of the Delphian Oracle and the circumstances surrounding Laius death. Again, after Polybus death, she excitedly tells Oedipus that his prophecy was obviously untrue, though it was not, and by doing so she attempts to hint that the oracles and thus the gods are false. It can be drawn that Jocasta is forced to perform such tasks for the gods because she tried to avoid an earlier prophecy. By tying her childs feet together and casting him out, she attempted to defeat the gods, and this disbelief of course angered them. Her punishment, then, was to test the beliefs of the very child she cast out. Jocasta was, in this way, a victim. Though it was by her own doing that this penalty was cast upon her, it was not something she was happy to do, which becomes apparent when she realizes the truth in her earlier prophecy. It is at this moment that she becomes aware of her punishment, and in desperation kills herself. After the realization of the truth, Jocastas own panicked grief impels her to suicide. Jocasta is a victim in Oedipus Rex, but not as much as she is a catalyst for Oedipus own victimization. She keeps her faith throughout and tries to relieve Oedipus of his. Because of this, readers may in turn pity her and loathe her. But the gods tested the king of Thebes through her the main goal of the play and both he and she failed. In the exploration of Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and Macbeth the feminine characters obvious self-interest plays an important role in their counter parts downfalls. Jocasta, Linda, and Lady Macbeth are all similar in their dynamic nature, ability to enable, and their need to care for others. The previous exploration illustrates the female agenda in contrast to the tragic heroes.

Use of Photographs in This Is a Photograph of Me and Photograph, 1958 :: Photograph

Use of Photographs in This Is a Photograph of Me and Photograph, 1958  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At first glance, "This Is a Photograph of Me" by Margaret Atwood and "Photograph, 1958" by Patricia Young are strikingly similar works in that both poems utilize the imagery of a photograph as a communication device however, upon closer examination   they differ markedly in the approach each poet takes in utilizing this same device.   The similarities between these two poems are immediately obvious to the reader; both poems are written by female poets,   both poems have the poet as the speaker,   both poems describe how the poet feels about herself, and both poems utilize the photograph as a device to convey their message to the reader.   Less obvious, is the differing approaches taken by each poet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the poem "This Is a Photograph of Me" by Margaret Atwood, the photograph is used by the poet as a device to directly communicate her message to the reader.  Ã‚   The title of the poem announces in a direct and forthright way that the poem will be a self examination.   The poem begins with Atwood directly and literally describing the photograph itself: "It was taken some time ago. / At first it seems to be / a smeared / print: blurred lines and grey flecks / blended with the paper."   The poet's use of words like "smeared", "blurred" and "blended" immediately and directly communicates to the reader that the poet feels unclear, directionless and without focus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After this opening stanza, the poet begins to describe the contents of the photograph: "then as you scan / it, you see in the left-hand corner / a thing that is like a branch: part of a tree" and "to the right, halfway up / what ought to be a gentle / slope, a small frame house."   Margaret Atwood is gradually drawing the reader inward, from the outside edge of the photograph towards the center of the photograph, the poem, and the poet herself.   This can be seen clearly on the following lines: "I am in the lake, in the center / of the picture, just under the surface."  Ã‚   The atmosphere created is one of introspection and self examination: "but if you look long enough, / eventually / you will be able to see me."   Atwood is using the device of the photograph to draw the reader from the outside world inwards to her world in the center of the photograph.